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Out of the Balkans

by Jason C. Mavrovitis

Part 1: Out of the Balkans

Chapter 2:
Dimitraki: Out of Macedonia

Notes

  1. Also spelled Monastiri, Manastir, and Manastiri. [Return to the text at note 26.]
  2. Also spelled Bitol and Bitoli. [Return to the text at note 27.]
  3. Greeks who had converted to Islam were considered Albanians and therefore no longer treated as rayahs. They had full civil rights. [Return to the text at note 28.]
  4. The Ottoman State sold Tax Farms to individuals, or granted them in exchange for military or other service. The Tax-Farmer collected taxes from the peasants. The difference between what he collected and what he owed to the state was his to keep as profit. See: Bernard Lewis, The Middle East : A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years (New York, N.Y.: Scribner, 1995), 201-04. [Return to the text at note 29.]
  5. Greeks who supported Patriarchal control of the church in Macedonia. [Return to the text at note 30.]
  6. John Foster Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, Popular ed. (London ; New York: Cassell and company ltd., 1912). [Return to the text at note 31.]
  7. Kazantzakis, Zorba the Greek, 224-25. Note that Zorba uses the Bulgarian term for guerilla fighter, comitandji (alternate spelling). [Return to the text at note 32.]
  8. Photo of Germanos Karavangelis. [Return to the text at note 33.]
  9. Dakin, The Greek Struggle in Macedonia, 1897-1913. [Return to the text at note 34.]
  10. Greek guerilla fighters were called andartes while Bulgarian and Serbian groups were called comitadjides. [Return to the text at note 35.]
  11. The Klephts (from which: kleftis, or thief) were Greeks who took to the mountains and a life of banditry in rejection of all things under Turkish occupation. For the most part they raided Turkish villages and caravans. Romanticized in literature, poetry and music they became the foremost freedom fighters in the Revolution of 1821. Groups remained active under the Turkish rule in Epirus, Thrace and Macedonia, surfacing as andartes during the uprisings of the early twentieth century. [Return to the text at note 36.]
  12. Dakin, The Greek Struggle in Macedonia, 1897-1913. [Return to the text at note 37.]
  13. Chalki or Halki, is one of the Princes' Islands located in the Sea of Marmara, about 18 miles from Constantinople (Istanbul). The island's modern name is Heybeli, and the group of islands, Kizil Adar. The school, closed by the Turkish Government, is located on a beautiful hilltop and houses a superb library. [Return to the text at note 38.]
  14. Dakin, The Greek Struggle in Macedonia, 1897-1913. [Return to the text at note 39.]
  15. Exarchists were those Bulgarians and Serbs who supported the Bulgarian Exarch as head of the Orthodox Church in all of Macedonia. If this position had prevailed, Kastoria and all southern Macedonia would have been merged into Bulgaria. [Return to the text at note 40.]
  16. Dakin, The Greek Struggle in Macedonia, 1897-1913. [Return to the text at note 41.]
  17. Patriarchists supported the church led by the Patriarch in Constantinople and therefore wished permanent association with the Greek State. [Return to the text at note 42.]
  18. Dakin, The Unification of Greece, 1770-1923, 167. [Return to the text at note 43.]
  19. Photo of Pavlos Melas. Photo of his band. [Return to the text at note 44.]
  20. The town "Statista" was renamed "P. Melas.". [Return to the text at note 45.]
  21. Dakin, The Greek Struggle in Macedonia, 1897-1913. [Return to the text at note 46.]
  22. Photo of the balcony of the Kaimakan's house. [Return to the text at note 47.]
  23. A Turkish Lira was a gold coin valued at about four dollars, a considerable sum in 1912. [Return to the text at note 48.]
  24. Also spelled Jannina. [Return to the text at note 49.]
  25. For immigrants, the vision of the new land and all of the hopes it held was contained in the word "America," not "The United States." "Where do you want to go?" one might have been asked. The answer, invariably, was: "To America!" [Return to the text at note 50.]
  26. The Vasilefs Constantinos was renamed Megali Hellas in 1919 (shades of the Megali Idhea). It was transferred to the British Byron Steamship Company in 1923 and renamed Byron. Reverted to Greek flag in 1928 and was in service until scrapped in Italy in 1937. [Return to the text at note 51.]
  27. "Theo" is pronounced "Th-ee-o". [Return to the text at note 52.]
  28. "Thea" is pronounced "Th-ee-a". [Return to the text at note 53.]

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